Ideas. Experiments.
Field Notes.
Welcome to Notes — a growing library of insights, stories, and case studies from the people building micro-scale solutions with big-world impact.
The Ground Plane: The Most Overlooked Risk in Thin-Film Reliability
The Floor Beneath Our Feet In every great system, the strongest parts are often invisible. In thin-film devices, that hidden foundation is the ground plane. Engineers don’t always spend their evenings debating ground planes. After all, it’s just “metal.” But when your device is flying in orbit, implanted inside a human body, or operating in […]
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Prototyping
Innovative Ways to Bring Down Prototype Costs
1. Let’s Admit It — Prototypes Feel Expensive Anyone who’s asked for a prototype quote knows the feeling. The number comes in, and it looks big for such a small quantity. The natural reaction is: “Why should five wafers cost this much?” The truth is, prototypes always feel expensive because the setup costs don’t care […]
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Case Studies
Power Dividers: Small Parts, Big Consequences
On paper, a power divider looks trivial. Three ports, a few lines, maybe a resistor. Easy. But in practice? This “simple” part often decides whether your radar beam stays sharp, your satellite lives an extra mission cycle, or your medical device keeps working inside a human body without failure. Overlook them, and the costs add […]
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Case Studies
The Future of Thermal Design: Diamond in Quantum and High-Power Semiconductors
Heat: The Ultimate Constraint In semiconductors, the limiting factor is no longer transistor count—it’s heat. Every design engineer working with GaN, SiC, or quantum devices is running into the same wall: how to move heat faster, more reliably, and at scale. From one perspective, the argument is clear: we are building systems with power densities […]
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Wet Etching Polyimide for Microfluidic and Flexible MEMS Structures
Polyimide has emerged as a cornerstone material in flexible microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microfluidic devices because of its thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility. These attributes make it an ideal choice for wearable biosensors, neural interfaces, and microfluidic patches for transdermal drug delivery. In such applications, polyimide layers act both as a structural […]
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Case Studies
Improving Signal Integrity in RF Systems with Precision Power Dividers
Signal integrity is the cornerstone of any RF (Radio Frequency) system. Weak signals, signal loss, and interference can significantly degrade system performance, leading to inefficiencies and errors. Precision power dividers are critical components that address these challenges by splitting signals without compromising quality. They ensure uniform signal distribution, minimize loss, and provide high isolation between […]
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Case Studies
Advancements in Ultrasound Imaging: Exploring Transducer Materials and Probe Construction
Ultrasound imaging is an essential, non-invasive tool in modern medicine, providing a cost-effective and versatile way to diagnose, monitor, and treat a wide range of conditions. Central to this technology is the ultrasound transducer, a critical component responsible for converting electrical energy into sound waves and vice versa. This conversion process enables clinicians to generate […]
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Case Studies
A Tale of Two Vias: Filled vs Plated in Ceramic, Sapphire, Quartz & Glass
A professor might say, what connects the top and bottom of an electronics board? In a multi-layered circuit or a high-frequency module, there are tiny tunnels that carry signals and power through insulating material. These little vertical connectors are called vias, and they’re the unsung heroes in devices from satellites to smartphones. Whether you’re an RF […]
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Case Studies
DFX: Designs That Work in the Real World
Don’t Just Design. Design for Reality. A design isn’t just a drawing or a simulation—it’s a promise. A promise that the device will function, that it can be built, that it will last, and that it will serve. But promises must be grounded in reality. RF and microwave circuits look simple—until signal loss, yield loss, or […]
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Case Studies
Photosensitive Polyimides in RF Microsystem Design
In radio frequency (RF) microsystem design—where speeds are measured in gigahertz and space in microns—even the smallest material choice can make or break system performance. That’s where photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) quietly shine. These materials are helping engineers build smaller, faster, and more reliable RF systems—powering everything from communication satellites and 5G infrastructure to radar modules and wearable electronics. […]
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Case Studies
Why Sapphire Is Emerging as the Substrate of Choice for Implantable RF Devices
Imagine designing a cutting-edge medical implant – something like a tiny wireless cardiac monitor or neural interface. You need it to be small, hermetically sealed, biocompatible, and able to send/receive radio signals deep inside the body. For decades, the go-to enclosure material has been titanium metal. Titanium is strong and inert, but it’s also a literal […]
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Engineering Culture
From Sputter to Signal: The Precision Engineering Behind Thin Film Filters
The Invisible Technology Powering Modern Communications When NASA’s Perseverance rover transmits scientific data from the surface of Mars, its radio signals must travel through 140 million miles of space filled with cosmic interference. The secret to maintaining signal integrity across this incredible distance lies in specialized thin film filters – the unsung heroes of modern […]
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Case Studies
How Aluminum Nitride Works: The Science Behind Its Superpowers
Aluminum Nitride (AlN) is a ceramic, but not an ordinary one. It behaves like a dual-natured material—cooling like a metal while blocking electricity like rubber, and letting RF signals flow with minimal loss. But how exactly does it do all that? Let’s break it down layer by layer. How AlN Conducts Heat Without Conducting Electricity Step […]
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Case Studies
Crosstalk & Parasitic Effects in High-Frequency Thin-Film Circuits
Why signals misbehave—and how thoughtful layout transforms performance Why This Matters At GHz speeds, your layout stops being just a blueprint of copper—it becomes an electromagnetic environment. In thin-film circuits: These aren’t fringe effects—they’re core constraints in space, medical, and RF/microwave systems. Even small layout oversights can cause: This is where physics meets fabrication. Crosstalk vs. […]
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Case Studies
Glass Interposers for High-Frequency Circuits
In high-frequency electronics, every fraction of a decibel counts. Engineers designing for 5G, radar, and high-speed computing are constantly battling signal loss, interference, and thermal issues. Traditionally, silicon and organic interposers have been the go-to choices for chip packaging and signal routing. But now, glass interposers are emerging as the superior alternative. Less interference. More performance. With better […]
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Engineering Culture
High-Voltage Tantalum Nitride Resistors for Implantable Medical Devices
Implantable medical devices save lives. Pacemakers, neurostimulators, and biosensors keep the heart beating, restore movement, and monitor vital signals. These devices must last decades inside the human body without failure. Every component inside them must be reliable, stable, and biocompatible. Tantalum nitride (TaN) thin film resistors are a key part of these devices. They offer […]
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Engineering Culture
Selective Conformal Coating for High-Reliability Electronics: Quality Control Insights
Mastering Selective Conformal Coating Quality Control: Prevent Defects, Ensure Reliability, and Optimize Rework Processes. Selective conformal coating plays a vital role in protecting high-reliability electronic assemblies from harsh environmental conditions. It enhances product durability in industries such as aerospace, medical, and RF/microwave electronics. However, achieving consistent quality in selective conformal coating requires strict adherence to […]
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Etching & Bonding
Mastering Odd and Even Mode Balance in RF Couplers: The Key to Precision and Performance
In high-frequency and microwave engineering, small imbalances create big problems. A tiny shift in impedance can weaken signals, poor isolation can lead to unwanted interference, and skewed phase shifts can make entire systems fail at the worst possible time. At the heart of many RF systems is a device called a coupler. It splits or […]
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Etching & Bonding
A 3D-Printed Heart Valve That Heals Itself
Your heart beats over 100,000 times a day, pushing 7,500 liters of blood through your body. It works non-stop. The valves inside act like doors, making sure blood flows in the right direction. But when these valves fail, the body struggles. Doctors replace bad valves with mechanical or biological ones. Mechanical valves last forever but […]
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Etching & Bonding
Revolutionizing Lithography: How AI is Optimizing Thin Film Device Fabrication
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming lithography in thin film device fabrication by optimizing process parameters, enhancing defect detection, and improving throughput. This article explores the role of AI in predictive modeling, real-time monitoring, and adaptive control systems, offering insights into how AI can enhance precision and yield while reducing costs. Thin film device fabrication is […]
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Case Studies
Electromagnetic Frequencies: The Invisible Dance of Energy Waves
Imagine you have a skipping rope. When you wiggle one end up and down, it makes waves travel along the rope. Electromagnetic frequencies are kind of like those waves, but instead of a rope, they’re waves made of electricity and magnetism. These waves are everywhere, but we can’t see them because they’re invisible, like secret […]
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Prototyping
Forging Tomorrow’s Electronics: The Significance of Copper-Filled Vias
In the fast-paced world of modern electronics, innovation is the driving force behind the development of smaller, faster, and more powerful devices. Copper-filled vias, a crucial component, have emerged as a technological marvel that plays a pivotal role in achieving these goals. These tiny conduits, filled with copper, enable the efficient transfer of signals and […]
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Case Studies
Why Thin Film Couplers Deliver the Best Performance-to-Cost Ratio for RF and Microwave Systems
In the world of RF and microwave systems, where performance, reliability, and cost efficiency are critical, thin film couplers have emerged as a leading solution. Their advanced design and manufacturing process make them an ideal choice for industries ranging from telecommunications and aerospace to defense and medical technology. Here’s a deeper look at why thin […]
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Case Studies
The Power of Directional Couplers
A directional coupler is a passive device used in radio frequency (RF) and microwave systems to split or combine RF power flowing in transmission lines. It’s designed to direct signals in specific directions while minimizing the effect on the main signal path. These couplers typically consist of four ports: input, output, coupled, and isolated ports. […]
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Case Studies
The Art of High Mix, Low Volume Manufacturing
High mix, low volume manufacturing stands as a vibrant canvas where a plethora of diverse products come to life in limited quantities, a stark contrast to the large-scale production of a few items seen in high volume manufacturing. This nuanced approach caters to industries valuing tailored solutions, rapid adaptability, and a broad spectrum of offerings, […]
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Case Studies
Unleashing Potential with the Theory of Constraints (TOC)
Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy that has revolutionized the way organizations identify and manage constraints within their systems to improve overall efficiency and productivity. It was formulated by Dr. Eliyahu Goldratt in his book “The Goal” and has since become a cornerstone in business management strategies worldwide. Understanding the Theory of Constraints […]
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Case Studies
Vias: Pioneers in Connectivity
Facilitating Signal Transmission: Vias serve as crucial conduits, allowing electrical signals to traverse layers. These tiny pathways establish connections between components and traces across different layers, enabling seamless communication within electronic systems. The concept of vias dates back to Charles Ducas’ 1924 patent for the “Plated Through Hole” process, marking the initial strides in via […]
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Engineering Culture
Precision Architects of Frequency: Thin Film Filters in RF and Microwave Systems
Thin film filters are foundational to modern RF and microwave signal processing. By selectively allowing or rejecting specific frequency bands, they play a critical role in ensuring clear, reliable, and interference-free communication across applications ranging from wireless networks to radar and satellite systems. Each filter type serves a specific function: These components are prized not […]
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Microfluidics
The Versatility of Negative Photoresist
Negative photoresist, a light-sensitive material used in photolithography, has broad applications in various industries. Its ability to create precise patterns makes it valuable beyond specific material applications. In photolithography, the process with negative photoresist involves: Applying the negative photoresist onto a substrate, which could range from glass to metals or polymers. Upon exposure to light, […]
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Case Studies
Exploring the Cutting-Edge: Filled Vias in Glass for Advanced Electronics Applications
Filled vias in glass represent a fascinating topic within the field of materials science and electronic packaging, combining the intricacies of microfabrication with the unique properties of glass as a substrate. This article will explore the concept, applications, manufacturing techniques, and the benefits of using filled vias in glass, shedding light on why this technology […]
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Case Studies
Driving Innovation in RF and Microwave Systems with Thin Film Technologies
In the rapidly evolving landscape of RF and microwave technology, the push for smaller, lighter, and more power-efficient components is intensifying. Thin film technologies are proving to be a game-changing solution, enabling engineers to tackle these challenges head-on while enhancing overall performance. Revolutionizing RF and Microwave Components Thin film technologies are transforming the design and […]
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Prototyping
The Advantages of Sapphire Substrates in High-Power RF and Microwave Filters
Sapphire substrates are widely regarded as ideal for high-power RF and microwave applications due to their exceptional material properties. Excellent Thermal Properties: Sapphire substrates exhibit high thermal conductivity, a critical characteristic for high-power applications. This ensures efficient heat dissipation, preventing overheating during operation and enhancing its longevity. At room temperature, sapphire’s thermal conductivity is approximately […]
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Case Studies
5G Unleashed: Powering the Next Wave of Global Connectivity and Innovation
The advent of 5G technology marks a pivotal shift in the landscape of mobile connectivity, heralding unprecedented speeds, lower latency, and the capacity to connect a vast array of devices simultaneously. As we delve into the global adoption rates of 5G, it’s crucial to understand the transformative impact this technology is having on mobile internet […]
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Case Studies
Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON): Revolutionizing Solid-State Batteries
In the landscape of energy storage technologies, Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON) emerges as a pivotal material, largely due to its remarkable properties as a solid electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries. Since its inception in 1993 by researchers at the University of Tokyo, LiPON has attracted substantial attention for its potential to enhance battery performance and safety […]
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Case Studies
Aluminum Nitride: The High-Performance Ceramic Revolutionizing Modern Technology
Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a ceramic material known for its high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation properties, and stability in extreme environments. This makes it an invaluable component in various high-tech applications, particularly in the electronics and semiconductor industries. Properties of Aluminum Nitride Applications of Aluminum Nitride Production of Aluminum Nitride Challenges and Future Prospects […]
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Case Studies
Revolutionizing Electronics: The Next Wave of Conformal Coatings
The field of conformal coatings is witnessing a transformative phase, thanks to groundbreaking advancements in material science. These developments are not only enhancing the intrinsic properties of coatings but are also introducing multifunctionality, thereby extending the protective capabilities and operational lifespan of electronic devices. This elaboration delves deeper into the nuances of these advancements, offering […]
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Engineering Culture
Plasma Precision: Shaping the Future of Microfabrication
In the realm of nanotechnology and microfabrication, plasmas have emerged as a cornerstone technology, revolutionizing the way we design and manufacture microscale and nanoscale devices. Plasmas, often referred to as the fourth state of matter, are ionized gases containing a mixture of electrons, ions, neutral atoms, and molecules. They are created by energizing a gas […]
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Microfluidics
The Critical Role of Low-Loss Dielectric Materials in High-Frequency Applications
In the realm of high-frequency electronics, particularly in applications such as telecommunications, radar, and satellite communications, the choice of materials plays a pivotal role in defining the performance, efficiency, and reliability of devices. Among these materials, low-loss dielectric substances stand out for their critical function in the design and operation of high-frequency filters. These filters, […]
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Case Studies
Maximizing the Shelf Life and Efficacy of Conformal Coatings in Electronics Manufacturing
Conformal coatings are protective chemical coatings or polymers applied to electronic circuit boards to safeguard them against environmental stressors such as moisture, dust, chemicals, and temperature extremes. These coatings play a crucial role in ensuring the durability and reliability of electronic devices, particularly those exposed to harsh or unpredictable conditions. A question that often arises […]
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Case Studies
B31 LOC: Environmental Compliance in Electronic Manufacturing
B31 LOC and Environmental Compliance: A Step Forward in Eco-Friendly Electronic Solutions In the rapidly evolving electronics industry, environmental compliance has become a critical consideration for manufacturers and consumers alike. With the increasing awareness of the ecological footprint of electronic products, the demand for environmentally friendly solutions has never been higher. Amidst this green revolution, […]
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Prototyping
The Critical Role of Interconnects in RF Systems
In the intricate world of Radio Frequency (RF) systems, where signals are transmitted and received at high frequencies, every component plays a pivotal role in ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Among these components, interconnects hold a particularly significant place, often understated yet crucial for the seamless operation of RF communication systems. This article delves into […]
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Microfluidics
PI 2600 Polyimide: Advancing High-Tech Industries with Exceptional Properties
PI 2600 polyimide precursor resins, developed by HD MicroSystems, highlights their significant role in various high-tech industries due to their unique properties and applications. Here’s an updated and expanded overview: Chemical Composition and Properties: Applications Across Industries: Special Application in Flexible Printed Circuit Boards (FPCBs): Recent Developments and Future Outlook: The importance of PI 2600 […]
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Case Studies
Journey Through Light: The Evolution of Photolithography in Microdevice Fabrication
The Early Days: Contact and Proximity Printing (1950s – 1960s) Imagine the early days of photolithography as the first steps of a child. In the 1950s and 1960s, this technology was in its infancy, focused on basic contact and proximity printing. This stage was akin to using a simple stencil to draw shapes, similar to […]
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Case Studies
The Enduring Legacy of Thin Films: A Journey from Antiquity to Modernity
The history of thin films represents a remarkable journey of innovation, tracing back to ancient Egypt over 5,000 years ago. Artisans utilized ultra-thin gold leaves for adornment, revealing early instances of thin-film use. These gold leaves, mere hundreds of nanometers thick, would exhibit a blue hue due to surface plasmon resonance, a phenomenon occurring when […]
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Case Studies
Innovations Shaping the Future of Conformal Coating
Conformal coating, traditionally seen as a protective layer for electronics, has evolved significantly. Today, it’s a cornerstone of technological innovation, pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in creating devices that are not only more resilient but also smarter and more sustainable. Nanotechnology: The Game Changer in Coating Technology The future of conformal coatings is being […]
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Case Studies
Conformal Coating Thickness: Striking the Balance for PCB Protection
Conformal Coating: A Crucial Barrier against Environmental Threats Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the heart of modern electronic devices, intricately weaving together delicate components that power our technological world. However, these sensitive circuits are vulnerable to environmental hazards like moisture, dust, and chemicals, posing a significant threat to their performance and longevity. To safeguard these […]
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Microfluidics
Kapton’s Journey from Space to Medical: A Material Made for Extreme Environments
Kapton, a polyimide film developed by DuPont in the 1960s for use in the Apollo space program. This remarkable polyimide film, has even made its way to the Red Planet! NASA’s Mars rovers, such as the Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity rovers, have used Kapton film in various components and instruments to protect against the extreme […]
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Microfluidics
Exploring the Characteristics of HD-8820
We at Vajra Microsystems have extensive experience working with HD 8820. We have used it for polyimide bridges, solder dams, protection layers, stacked couplers, coil inductors, redistribution layers (RDLs) for interposers and similar applications. HD-8820, developed by HD Microsystems, stands out as a pioneering photosensitive polybenzobisoxazole (PBO) precursor known for its extensive industrial uses. This […]
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Microfluidics
Vias: Filled or Plated Thru
Filled vias and PTHs are essential components in multilayer electronic devices, serving as conduits for electrical, thermal, and sometimes mechanical connections across layers. The choice between filled vias and PTHs hinges on a balance between performance requirements and cost constraints. Filled Vias: The manufacturing process for filled vias, which often involves electroplating or conductive paste […]
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Case Studies
B31 LOC Conformal Coating: A Versatile Solution for Protecting Electronic Assemblies
B31 LOC is a high-performance, low-VOC, quick-drying acrylic conformal coating developed by Chase Corporation, designed to offer superior protection for electronic assemblies. This single-component solution is especially valued for its remarkable ability to safeguard components from moisture, dust, and corrosion, making it a preferred option across various sectors. The versatility of B31 LOC allows for […]
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Case Studies
Tantalum Nitride Thin Film Resistors: For High-Performance Electronics
Tantalum nitride (TaN) is like a superhero among thin film resistors. It’s a tough, heat-resistant material that’s fantastic for making tiny electronic components that control the flow of electricity. Here’s why it’s so special: Super Precision: TaN resistors can be made super accurately, which is awesome for gadgets that need to be exact, like in […]
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Case Studies
Medical Imaging: Ultrasound Transducer Materials and Probe Construction
Ultrasound imaging remains a key player in medical diagnostics, prized for its non-invasive approach and versatility. At its core lies the ultrasound transducer, a vital tool that transforms electrical energy into sound waves and back, providing intricate views of internal body structures. Materials Evolution Advancements in materials for ultrasound transducers have been significant, shaped by […]
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Case Studies
LiPON: A Promising Solid Electrolyte Material for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) continues to be a leading material in the realm of solid electrolytes, garnering significant attention for its application in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Its distinct properties provide various advantages over traditional materials: Enhanced Ionic Conductivity: LiPON exhibits superior ionic conductivity compared to liquid electrolytes, promoting more efficient ion movement. This leads to quicker […]
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Case Studies
The promise of glass substrates in next-generation electronic packaging
Glass substrates are rapidly emerging as a cornerstone in the evolution of electronic packaging, leveraging their distinctive properties to meet the escalating demands of modern electronic devices. Amidst technological advancements, glass substrates offer an array of advantages, positioning them as a compelling choice across various electronic packaging applications. Unveiling the Advantages: Glass Substrates: A Catalyst […]
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Case Studies
The Benefits and Challenges of Using Through Glass Vias (TGVs)
Through Glass Via (TGV) technology is a groundbreaking method used to create connections between different layers of circuitry in high-density electronic devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops. By drilling holes through a glass substrate, TGVs enable more compact and powerful devices. As the demand for such devices increases, the global TGV technology market is projected […]
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Case Studies
Conformal Coatings: Safeguarding Electronic Components
Conformal coatings are thin, protective films that are applied to electronic components and assemblies to shield them from a variety of environmental hazards. By creating a barrier between the components and the environment, conformal coatings prevent moisture, chemicals, vibration, and shock from compromising the integrity and performance of sensitive electronic parts. Different types of conformal […]
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Case Studies
Glass: A Promising Substrate for Integrated Passive Devices
Glass has been gaining attention as a substrate material for Integrated Passive Devices (IPDs) due to its unique combination of properties, which make it well-suited for various electronic applications. Here are some key aspects of using glass as a substrate for IPDs: Low Dielectric Loss: Glass exhibits low dielectric loss, which means it does not […]
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Case Studies
The Benefits of RDL Technology for Interposer Design
The redistribution layer (RDL) is an essential component of interposer design. It serves to establish reliable connections between different layers and uphold signal integrity. By utilizing a low-resistance metal like copper, the RDL effectively preserves the integrity of electrical signals and prevents signal attenuation. Multilayer RDLs are commonly employed to facilitate intricate routing patterns and […]
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Case Studies
Paper-based microfluidic devices: A promising technology for point-of-care diagnostics
Paper-based microfluidic devices (μPADs) are a rapidly developing technology that has the potential to revolutionize point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. μPADs are made from paper or other porous materials, and they use capillary action to transport small volumes of fluids through the device. This makes them portable, affordable, and easy to use, even in resource-limited settings. μPADs […]
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Case Studies
The Importance of a Large and Continuous Ground Plane for Thin Film Devices
A large and continuous ground plane is a crucial practice to minimize impedance, reduce EMI, and mitigate signal coupling issues in thin film devices. A ground plane provides a low impedance path for the return currents of the signals, which helps to minimize the loop area, reduce ground noise, and enhance signal integrity by maintaining […]
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Case Studies
Inkjet Printing: A Promising New Method for Applying Conformal Coatings
Inkjet printing conformal coating is a process of applying a thin, protective layer to electronic devices using an inkjet printer. The inkjet printer creates small droplets of coating material that are precisely deposited onto the surface of the device. This process is more efficient, precise, and environmentally friendly than traditional methods of applying conformal coatings, […]
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Case Studies
Laser Drilling Glass Vias: Ablation vs. Vaporization
Vajra Microsystems | vajramicrosystems.com | info@vajramicrosystems.com Ablation is a process in which material is removed from a surface by the impact of a high-energy beam, such as a laser. The laser beam causes the material to vaporize or break up into small particles, which are then carried away by a stream of gas. Ablation can […]
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Case Studies
Laser-Induced Thermal & Structural Changes in Glass
When the focused laser beam interacts with the glass, several processes occur simultaneously. The glass absorbs the laser energy, leading to localized heating. The high temperatures cause the glass to undergo physical transformations, such as melting or vaporization. The choice of laser parameters, including power and pulse duration, influences the extent of material removal and […]
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Case Studies
Thin Film Isolators and Circulators: Unlocking New Frontiers
Isolators and circulators serve as crucial devices in the realm of waves, facilitating orderly and efficient flow of energy and information. Acting as guides, they ensure the smooth transmission of waves, safeguard sensitive components, and optimize information transfer. In this article, we will delve into the significance of isolators and circulators, their construction, recent advancements, […]
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Case Studies
Quartz Substrates: Versatile Solutions for High-Performance RF and Microwave Filters
Quartz is a dielectric material that is often used in RF and microwave filters. It has a number of properties that make it well-suited for this application, including: Quartz substrates can be used to make a variety of RF and microwave filters, including: Some of the most common types of quartz filters include: Quartz substrates […]
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Case Studies
Choosing the Right Substrate: A Critical Factor in RF and Microwave Filters’ Performance
RF and microwave filters are essential components in modern communication systems, used to suppress unwanted signals and noise, improve signal-to-noise ratio, and increase system reliability. These filters are commonly used in various applications, such as wireless communication, radar systems, and satellite communication. One of the critical factors that determine the performance of these filters is […]
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Case Studies
Breaking Through the Skin Barrier: The Rise of Microneedles for Drug Delivery
Microneedles are a relatively new concept in the world of medical science that have gained widespread attention and popularity in recent years. These tiny needles are typically less than a millimeter in length and are designed to penetrate the outermost layer of the skin to deliver medication, vaccines, or other therapeutic agents. The use of […]
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Case Studies
Designing Laser Mounts: Key Considerations and Development Process
Laser mounts are essential components in many laser systems. They provide a stable platform for the laser to operate on and ensure that the beam is accurately directed. There are many different types of laser mounts, each designed to meet specific needs. Some mounts are designed for use in industrial settings, while others are used […]
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Case Studies
Flex vs. Rigid Substrates: Choosing the Best Base Material for Your IoT Device
The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the way we live our lives, with interconnected devices being used to monitor and control our homes, cars, and even our bodies. However, the success of IoT devices relies on the technology used to build them, and one key factor in their design is the type of substrate […]
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Case Studies
Advancements in Glass Interposer Fabrication for Electronic Packaging
The fabrication of glass interposers, which are used in semiconductor packaging and electronic devices, has seen significant advancements in recent years. Glass interposers are thin pieces of glass that act as a connection platform between different components in electronic devices, such as chips, substrates, and printed circuit boards (PCBs). They provide electrical and thermal connectivity […]
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Case Studies
Microdevice Development: From Concept to Commercialization
Microdevices, also known as microsystems or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), are small-scale devices that integrate electronic, mechanical, and sometimes fluidic components on a single chip. They have revolutionized many industries, including healthcare, telecommunications, automotive, and consumer electronics, by enabling new functionalities and improved performance in compact form factors. From microsensors that detect environmental changes to microactuators […]
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Case Studies
Polyimide Films: Deposition Techniques and Process Optimization
Introduction: Polyimide films are widely used in various applications, including microdevices, aerospace, electronics, and flexible displays, due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The deposition of polyimide films is a critical step in the fabrication process, as it determines the quality and performance of the final product. In this article, we will explore […]
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Case Studies
Choosing the Right Substrate for Your Device: Flexible Circuit
Flexible circuits, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their numerous advantages in various applications, including wearable electronics, medical devices, automotive electronics, and IoT devices. One of the critical factors that determine the performance and reliability of these devices is the choice of substrate material. In this article, we will explore the importance […]
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Case Studies
How Acrylic-based Conformal Coatings Provide Reliable Protection for Electronic Components
Acrylic-based conformal coatings have become a popular choice for protecting electronic components due to their reliable performance, versatility, and ease of application. These coatings are made from acrylic resins, which offer a range of beneficial properties that make them ideal for safeguarding electronic components from environmental factors such as moisture, dust, chemicals, and temperature fluctuations. […]
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Case Studies
Medical Imaging with Multilayer Flexible Circuits
Medical imaging has been a cornerstone of modern healthcare, enabling clinicians to visualize and diagnose various diseases and conditions. Advancements in imaging technologies have greatly improved patient care and outcomes. In recent years, a new technological innovation has emerged that holds great promise for the field of medical imaging – multilayer flexible circuits. These circuits […]
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Case Studies
Conformal Coatings: Applications, Benefits, and Key Considerations
Conformal coatings have become a pivotal element in the advancement of microfabrication technologies, serving a critical role in safeguarding sensitive electronic components from various environmental threats such as moisture, dust, and chemical contaminants. These coatings are meticulously applied as thin, uniform layers of polymer over the surfaces of electronic parts, creating a protective shield that […]
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Case Studies
Microfluidic Devices: Revolutionizing Healthcare
Introduction Microfluidic devices have gained considerable attention in recent years, and they are revolutionizing healthcare and biotechnology by enabling precise control of fluids at the microliter or nanoliter scale. These devices offer several advantages over traditional methods, including faster and more accurate results, reduced sample and reagent consumption, and the ability to perform complex tasks. […]
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Microfluidics
10 Advantages of Thin Film Microfabrication Technology for Small Devices
Thin film microfabrication technology is an innovative and versatile approach to manufacturing small devices. It has revolutionized the field of microelectronics and has numerous advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. In this post, we will explore ten key advantages of thin film microfabrication technology for small devices. 1. High Precision: Thin film microfabrication technology enables the […]
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Case Studies
Polyimide: Material for Thin Film Devices
Polyimide is a popular material used in the fabrication of thin film microdevices due to its excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Some of the key properties that make polyimide suitable for microdevices are: Polyimide can be deposited on various substrates using different techniques such as spin coating, dip coating, and spray coating. The thickness […]
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Case Studies
Exploring the Tiny World: Sputtering Technology
Microfabrication refers to the process of making very small devices, typically on the scale of micrometers or smaller. This field has seen tremendous advancements in recent years, thanks in part to the development of new techniques for depositing thin films onto surfaces. One such technique is called sputtering, which has become increasingly important in the […]
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Case Studies
Role of Vacuum in Microfabrication
In the world of thin film microfabrication, vacuum plays a crucial role. Without it, many of the techniques used to deposit and pattern thin films would not be possible. Understanding Vacuum Before we dive into the specifics of how vacuum is used in thin film microfabrication, it’s important to understand what we mean by vacuum. […]
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Case Studies
Exploring Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a versatile and widely used technology for depositing thin films onto different surfaces. It’s like painting, where we use a brush to apply paint onto a surface. However, instead of using a brush, PVD uses physical means to vaporize a material and deposit it onto a surface. This process happens […]
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Case Studies
Thin Film Microfabrication Technology
Thin film microfabrication technology refers to the process of creating micro-scale structures, typically using thin films of materials, through various fabrication techniques. This technology has a wide range of applications in fields such as microelectronics, optoelectronics, biotechnology, and micro-mechanical systems. The main methods used in thin film microfabrication include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor […]
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Case Studies
Microfluidics: The Advantages and Applications of Fluid Manipulation at the Microscale
Microfluidics is a field that involves the manipulation of fluids at the microscale level using channels, chambers, and other structures with dimensions on the order of micrometers. This field has numerous applications in biology, chemistry, and environmental monitoring, and it offers significant advantages over traditional methods. One of the primary advantages of microfluidics is the […]
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